The depression anxiety stress scale dass is a 42item selfreport measure of anxiety, depression and stress developed by lovibond and lovibond 1995 which is increasingly used in diverse. No values were reported for the responsiveness of the dass 21 for the sci population. The scale can be used for screening, however, for diagnosis, the patient should be referred for specialist consultation. In this psytoolkit version, for example is used, because not everybody might now the abbreviation eg which is. The short version of the depression anxiety stress scale 21 showed excellent values of reliability, and strong internal consistency. Every student will tell that education starts and is accompanied with the stress, depression, and anxiety. Please read each statement and circle a number 0, 1, 2 or 3 which indicates how much the statement applied to you over the past week. The aim of this study was to validate the 21item depression anxiety and stress scale dass21 for use in screening for these common mental. Dass items reliably grouped in to depression, anxiety and stress subscale and have high reliability and validity. Depression and anxiety are recognised increasingly as serious public health problems among women in low and lowermiddle income countries. The dass 21 has 21 items if you are under time pressure. In the scope of the study, data have been obtained from 555 people. The present research examined the chinese version of the 21 item depression anxiety stress scales dass 21.
As it is shown in the original form, the scale is occurred by three factors. Accordingly, the resulting three scales consisting of 14 items each were named the depression anxiety stress scales dass. The depression, anxiety, and stress scales with 21 items. M et al, 1998, the measurement properties had never been handled on the short version of the dass. Each of the 14 items contains a number of symptoms, and each group of symptoms is rated on a scale of zero to. Depression anxiety stress scale 21 english prof dr ramli musa. This scale can be used as long as the website, the authors, and the papers are. The depression, anxiety and stress scale dass21 as a screener for.
In this sample the scale was offtarget with a mean location on the latent trait of anxiety of 1. Crosscultural validation of the depression anxiety stress. To provide normative data for the general adult population. Depression, anxiety and stress scale and to make validity and reliability studies of the albanian version. Each of the three dass21 scales contains 7 items, divided into subscales with similar content. Each of the three scales comprised seven items with. Depression, anxiety and stress scale dass 21 at ease. The dass 21 scores are multiplied by two so that you can compare. Nathan edwards, andrew saadyhabib, deborah ilufoye, joyce cheng, sarah lynch, khoa nguyen, and danil hammoudi. Psychometric evaluation and normative data for the. Depression, anxiety and stress scales dass21 psylegal.
The depression scale assesses dysphoria, hopelessness, devaluation of life. Dass21 depression anxiety stress scales short form. The scale to which each item belongs is indicated by the letters d depression, a anxiety and s stress. The prevalence of stress, depression, and anxiety in medical students. Depression anxiety stress scales dass information sheet. It was originally developed to provide a selfreport measure of anxiety. This measure proposes that physical anxiety fear symptomatology and mental stress nervous tension and nervous energy factorout as two distinct domains. The depression anxiety stress scale dass 3 has been shown to be a valid and reliable measure of the dimensions of depression, anxiety, and stress separately but also taps into a more general dimension of psychological distress 314. The dass is a 21 item selfreport inventory that measures the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties and clinical utility of the depression, anxiety, and stress scales 21 item version dass 21, and contribute. The emotional impact of the situation was analyzed using the impact of event scale. The dass 21 is a wellestablished instrument for measuring depression, anxiety, and stress with good reliability and validity reported from hispanic american, british, and australian adults. The dass 21 is derived from the development of the dass. Dass, the depression anxiety stress scales, is made up of 42 selfreport items to be completed over five to ten minutes, each reflecting a negative emotional symptom.
The dass21 contains 21 items, divided into three 7item subscales, where each item. The depression anxiety stress scales dass is a valid and reliable tool used to assess for the presence of depression, anxiety, or stress symptoms what. The dass21 is the short form of the dass42 or dass. The aim of this study was to validate the 21 item depression anxiety and stress scale dass21 for use in screening for these common mental disorders among rural women with young children in the north of vietnam. Before we start, please give a bit of your background. Pdf using the depression anxiety stress scale 21 dass21. Pdf the dass21 is a wellestablished instrument for measuring depression, anxiety, and stress with good reliability and validity reported from. This study examined the factor structure and testretest invariance, and temporal stability and uniqueness of the latent factors depression, anxiety, and stress of the depression anxiety stress scales 21 dass 21. The depression anxiety stress scale dass and its short form dass 21. Everyone experiences anxiety, depression and stress at one time or another. Depression, anxiety, stress 7 items each summary the depression anxiety stress scale 21 dass 21 is a screening tool for identifying, differentiating and assessing depression, anxiety, and stress.
In this psytoolkit version, for example is used, because not everybody might now the abbreviation eg which is predominantly used in academia. Depression anxiety stress scale21 dass21 spinal cord. Dass 21 is a set of three selfreport scales designed to measure the emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress. Spanish translation and validation with a hispanic sample article pdf available in journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment 243. This study explored the factor structure of the short form of the depression anxiety stress scales dass 21. The dass is a client selfreporting tool designed to measure the severity of the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety, and stress. The depression anxiety and stress scale, or dass21, is a 21 question assessment that was developed to measure the degree of depression, anxiety and stress in an individual.
The dass 21 is a self report evaluation scale aimed at revealing the severity of symptoms that the patient suffers from and which can be associated with depression or anxiety or are consistent with stress manifestations. Its popularity is partly attributable to the fact uk. Jan 03, 2018 the depression, anxiety and stress scale dass21 pdf is a standardised assessment tool for depression, anxiety and stress symptoms that can help you develop a treatment plan and assess symptom severity or treatment progress. The depression anxiety stress scale dass 21 was employed to assess symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. Validation of the depression anxiety stress scales dass. The dass assesses negative emotional symptoms by using a 4point likert scale, ranging from 0 to 3. Depression, anxiety and stress scale 21 items dass21.
The scale consists of 14 items designed to assess the severity of a patients anxiety. Depression anxiety and stress scale dass 21, and in particular, to assess whether stress as indexed by this measure is synonymous with negative affectivity na or whether it represents a related. Each of the three scales contains 14 items, divided into subscales of 25 items with similar content. Because the dass 21 is a short form version of the dass the long form has 42 items, the final score of each item groups. Rasch model analysis of the depression, anxiety and stress. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads,35 and the utrechtcopinglistucl. Depression anxiety and stress scale dass developed by lovibond and lovibond, 1995 is one of most widely used scale in clinical and nonclinical population in across the globe including india. Validity of the depression anxiety stress scales in. The depression anxiety stress scale dass 3 has been shown to be a valid and reliable measure of the dimensions of depression, anxiety, and stress separately but also taps into a more general. Depression anxiety stress scale rehabmeasures database.
This study examined the factor structure and testretest invariance, and temporal stability and uniqueness of the latent factors depression, anxiety, and stress of the depression. Psychometric evaluation and normative data for the depression. Dass depression and anxiety stress scale scoring s stress q1, 6, 8, 11, 12, 14, 18 a anxiety q2, 4, 7, 9, 15, 19, 20 d depression q3, 5, 10, 16, 17, 21 1. The depression, anxiety and stress scale 21 items dass21 is a set of three selfreport scales designed to measure the emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress. Pdf a guide to the depression, anxiety and stress scale. Because the dass 21 is a short form version of the dass the long form has 42 items, the final score of each item groups depression, anxiety and stress needs to be. This study aimed to examine the validity of the arabic version of the depression anxiety stress scale 21 dass 21 in 149 illicit drug users. Depression, anxiety, stress 7 items each summary the depression anxiety stress scale21 dass21 is a screening tool for identifying, differentiating and assessing depression, anxiety, and stress. Study 1 administered the dass 21 to 1,815 chinese college students and found internal consistency indices cronbachs alpha of. Validation of the depression anxiety stress scales dass 21 as a. The depression, anxiety and stress scale dass21 pdf is a standardised assessment tool for depression, anxiety and stress symptoms that can help you develop a treatment plan and assess symptom severity or treatment progress. The depression subscale of the dass 21 is reported to have a sensitivity of 57. The purpose of this study is to examine validity and reliability of the albanian version of the depression, anxiety and stress scale dass, which is developed by lovibond and lovibond 1995.
Each of the three dass 21 scales contains 7 items, divided into subscales with similar content. To test the construct validity of the shortform version of the depression anxiety and stress scale dass 21, and in particular, to assess whether stress as indexed by this measure is. The dass is a 42 item selfreport inventory that yields 3 factors. Psychometric properties of the depression anxiety stress scale 42 dass. Pdf using the depression anxiety stress scale 21 dass.
Depression anxiety and stress scale dass 42 the dass42 is a 42 item selfreport scale designed to measure the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress. Psychometric evaluation and normative data for the depression, anxiety, and stress scales 21 dass 21 in a nonclinical sample of u. Depression anxiety stress scale 21 english prof dr ramli. The depression, anxiety and stress scale dass21 pdf is a standardised assessment tool for depression, anxiety and stress symptoms that can help you. The shortform version of the depression anxiety stress. Using the depression anxiety stress scale 21 dass21 across cultures article pdf available in international journal of psychology 486 february 20 with 18,425 reads how we measure reads.
About anxiety anxiety is a common occurrence in todays society and often this is a reaction to a stressor e. Depression anxiety stress scales dass information sheet description. The depression, anxiety and stress scale 21 items dass 21 is a set of three selfreport scales designed to measure the emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress. As a result of the analysis for factor load yield was as follows. Depression anxiety stress scale 21 was administered by trained evaluators to clarify possible doubts of adolescents, without interfering in their answers. The depression scale includes items that measure symptoms typically associated with dysphoric mood e. Depression, anxiety and stress scales dass 21 identifier date please read each statement and select a number 0, 1, 2 or 3 which indicates how much the statement applied to you over the past week. The university of new south wales in australia developed a questionnaire to measure all three of them using one questionnaire, known as dass. Validation of the depression anxiety stress scales dass 21.
The twofactor model with condensation of the constructs anxiety and stress in a single factor was the most acceptable for the adolescent population. The depression anxiety stress scale dass is a 42item selfreport measure of anxiety, depression and stress developed by lovibond and lovibond 1995 which is increasingly used in diverse settings. The depression anxiety stress scales dass 21 was designed to measure the core symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress and has demonstrated excellent. Short version of the depression anxiety stress scale21. Dass 21 bangla version translated and validated by dr s m abu hena mostafa alim, bsmmu, bangladesh wvm21 evsjv fvmb dass21 b v bvg. It has 3 subscales depression, anxiety, and stress. The dass 21 is a self report evaluation scale aimed at revealing the severity of symptoms that the patient suffers from and which can be associated with depression or anxiety or are consistent.
Stress scales dass21 in puerto rico, which is an instrument that in. Depression anxiety and stress scale dass the dass is a 42item questionnaire which includes three selfreport scales designed to measure the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress. It includes seven 7 questions for each and the scores are calculated by adding up the scores for each item in the section. The internal consistency cronbachs alpha of each subscale and the overall scale were high, ranging from 0. Be it educated, professional, students or those living in marginalized existence, for almost all, it is an. Depression anxiety and stress scale dass the dass is a 42item questionnaire which includes three selfreport scales designed to measure the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and. Dec 11, 20 the dass is a 21 or 42item measure designed to assess the fundamental symptoms of depression, anxiety and tension stress. Anxiety can be more commonly recognised as angst or worry about something, although often the subject is not actually aware what that stressor is, and just generally feels a sense. A guide to the depression, anxiety and stress scale dass 21.
Depression anxiety and stress scale dass 21, and in particular, to assess whether stress as indexed by this measure is synonymous with negative affectivity na or whether it represents a related, but distinct, construct. Jan 12, 20 depression and anxiety are recognised increasingly as serious public health problems among women in low and lowermiddle income countries. It has been thought to be sufficient of the sample group of the study in terms of number. Pdf psychometric properties of the depression anxiety. A shorter version, dass 21, is derived from the development of the dass.
The depression anxiety stress scales dass were described by lovibond et al in 1983 see also wilson, 1980, 1982. The internal consistency cronbachs alpha of each sub scale and the overall scale were high, ranging from 0. The prevalence of stress, depression, and anxiety in medical. An overview of the depression anxiety stress scale dass. The dass is a 21 or 42item measure designed to assess the fundamental symptoms of depression, anxiety and tension stress. Depression anxiety and stress scale dass 42 healthfocus. Dass 21 bangla version translated and validated by dr s m abu hena mostafa alim, bsmmu, bangladesh wvm 21 evsjv fvmb dass 21 b v bvg. It was originally developed to provide a selfreport measure of anxiety and depression that covers the full range of core symptoms of both affective states while providing maximum discrimination between the two scales.
The arabic version of the depression anxiety stress scale. The short version of the depression anxiety stress scales. May 09, 2009 the result was a 42item scale comprising three 14items subscales that measure depression, anxiety and stress, a structure that was consistent with the tripartite model of anxiety and depression originally proposed by watson and colleagues 26,27. The depression, anxiety and stress scale 21 items dass21 is a set of three selfreport scales designed to measure the emotional states of depression, anxiety. The principal value of the dass in a clinical setting is to clarify the locus of emotional disturbance, as part of the broader task of clinical assessment. Each scale consists of seven items scored on a 4point likert scale ranging from 0 e. Depression, anxiety, and stress are all negative feelings. The depression, anxiety and stress scale dass21 as a screener.